The Earthly Branches (地支) are a set of 12 characters used in ancient Chinese calendar systems and astrology, they also used to represent cycles of time, space, and natural phenomena.

The Heavenly Stems (天干) are a set of ten characters used in ancient Chinese calendar systems and astrology.

The Eight Trigrams (八卦) are a fundamental concept in ancient Chinese cosmology, philosophy, and metaphysics, originating from the ancient classic, the I Ching (易经, Book of Changes). Each trigram consists of three lines, either broken or unbroken, symbolizing the interplay of Yin and Yang forces. Together, the trigrams form a framework for understanding natural phenomena and human life.

The HE-TU (河图, Yellow River Diagram) and LUO-SHU (洛书, Luo River Diagram) are two foundational diagrams in ancient Chinese cosmology, philosophy, and metaphysics. They are considered to represent the principles of the universe, forming the basis for concepts such as Yin-Yang (阴阳), Five Phases (五行), and the I Ching (易经, Book of Changes).